Success Stories
The Experiences You Can Depend On
We helped our customers with problems in these following areas:
- PDF Document Creation
- PDF Data Extraction
- PDF Data Mining
- PDF Document Manipulation
- PDF Document Format Conversion
- PDF Document Usability and Readability
- PDF Data Searching
MSWireless
MS Wireless targets over $500K annual savings with BCL
Custom PDF Technology
- Customer: Mobile Systems
Wireless
- Customer Application: Data
Extraction & Comparison from PDF Forms
- Developer: Chris Babiasz,
Senior Software Engineer. Carl Matthias, IT Mgr.
- BCL Product Used: easyPDF
SDK with custom technology enhancements
- Development Environment: Visual
Basic.NET (VB.NET) and ASP.NET
- Operating Systems used: Microsoft
Windows Server 2003
- Database Server: Microsoft
SQL Server 2000, Microsoft SQL Server 2000
- Deployment Type: Server
Application Deployment
Overview of Company
Mobile Systems Wireless is a leading independent reseller for
Cingular Wireless. Eleven years ago, Mobile Systems Wireless
started out with a modest kiosk in the Plaza Camino Real Mall
in Carlsbad California. It now has 54 stores in the West Coast
and is one of the largest generators of new activations for Cingular
Wireless.
Challenge (Business and Technology)
Mobile Systems Wireless used to manually extract sales order
information from PDF files and match it to their own POS database
for data consistency in verifying sales and paying sales commissions.
The high volume of orders required 15-20 employees for this work.
They were always 1-2 weeks behind, which delayed uncovering of
inconsistencies in reported sales and increased instances of
fraud in the field.
Mobile Systems Wireless wanted to automate this process, cut
processing costs and time, and deter fraud. They needed specialized
PDF technology to:
- Analyze the PDF order form, identify
fields and map those to database fields
- Automatically and accurately extract
data from PDF files and write to database
- Automatically compare the data extracted
from PDF files against their POS system data and flag any inconsistencies
in specific orders
BCL Technologies' Solutions
Mobile Systems Wireless turned to the PDF experts at BCL Technologies
to solve their specialized PDF technology needs. BCL responded
with custom PDF technology:
- PDF Forms Mapping Tool, to analyze a
PDF form and identify its data fields. The Tool is flexible
enough to create new mappings when PDF forms change.
- PDF data extraction technology to accurately
extract data from PDF forms, write it into the database, and
run comparisons against the POS data.
Mobile System Wireless implemented the solution and saw immediate
dramatic results. Its processing time dropped from 1-2 weeks
to 1-2 days and the work force was reduced from 15-20 employees
down to 4-5 employees. Annualized savings in employee costs alone
exceeded $500K, not even counting the substantial savings from
reduced fraud.
We chose BCL Technologies easyPDF SDK because:
- Experts in PDF technology
“We use easyPDF printer driver
technology for PDF conversion and it works very well. We
knew BCL is a solid company. We have also looked at several
competitors and tried to use their products, but we like
easy PDF SDK the best. When we talked to BCL Technologies’ design
engineering team, we knew they had the knowledge and confidence
to solve our problems.” Chris Babiasz
- Responsive & Creative Sales
and Engineering Teams
“The sales and design
engineering teams have always been very responsive --
very enthusiastic to help us out and creative in coming
up with solutions.” Chris Babiasz
“This is the first time for us to develop a project
of this magnitude. It is an ongoing process and BCL
Technologies always came through with a working solution.” Carl
Matthias
- Ease of Use, Coding, and Development
“This was a complicated custom
project but it only took us 2 engineers to develop the application,
given BCL tools and technology.” Carl Matthias
World's Leading Ticketing
Company
[Company Name Withheld]
BCL Technologies’ easyPDF SDK delivers PDF creation
capabilities to this global ticketing company’s
5000 users as a highly scalable, stable web server application.
The development team had previously used ActivePDF and
were unhappy with it. They had found ActivePDF hard to set
up, unstable and not scalable.
- Customer: World’s
leading ticketing company [Company Name Withheld]
- Customer Application: Web-based
Financial & Business Reporting
- Users: 5000 user accounts
- BCL Product Used: easyPDF
SDK
- Development Environment: ASP.net
1.1, C#
- Operating System: Microsoft
Windows Server 2003
- Database Server: Oracle
9i
- Deployment Type: Web
Server Application Deployment
Overview of Company
World's leading ticketing company, operating across US, Europe,
South America, selling event tickets through one of the largest
e-commerce Internet sites, thousands of retail outlets, and worldwide
call centers, needed to embed PDF capabilities in its reporting
applications for its worldwide user base.
Challenge (Business and Technology)
The customer wanted to deploy a web-based reporting system for
its 5000 worldwide user accounts, 70% of whom are daily users.
Users wanted output of reports in multiple formats, including
PDF. The customer needed to implement a PDF SDK product in a
web server deployment that had the performance, stability, and
scalability to service such a large dispersed user base. The
developers wanted something that was easy to program and implement.
The development team had previously used ActivePDF and were
unhappy with it. They had found ActivePDF hard to set up, unstable
and not scalable.
- The developer had tried to configure
ActivePDF on 5-6 servers and had run into configuration problems
every time; it never worked the first time and error messages
were hard to understand and troubleshoot, eating up valuable
developer time.
- In operation, ActivePDF had proven
to be unstable; its print service would start giving errors
after operating for some time and had to be regularly reset,
requiring IT monitoring and associated costs for such monitoring
and resetting.
- Scalability was the biggest issue;
ActivePDF would start blocking concurrent users from the system.
It would queue users starting after just 4 users, and additional
users would start experiencing long queuing times and time-outs.
Ideally, the system needed to handle 10-15 concurrent users
without any degradation to service the large 5000 account base,
and ActivePDF could not do so.
Selection of BCL Technologies easyPDF SDK
The development team searched online and downloaded trial versions
of many products. They found everything they needed in BCL Technologies
easyPDF SDK. Their comments about easyPDF SDK:
- Setup:“easyPDF
SDK setup was very straightforward, unlike our experience
with other products. We wrote just a few lines of code to
start using it.”
- Stability: “easyPDF
has now been deployed for a year and we have been very happy
with it.”
- Scalability: “easyPDF
has handled the 5000 user base without any issues. We have
not encountered any user queuing or blocking.”
Strong Endorsement for easyPDF SDK:
“Now that we have experienced
the ease of programming, stability and performance of BCL’s
easyPDF SDK we will use it for all our future PDF projects.”
Northrop Grumman
- Customer: Northrop
Grumman
- Customer Application: Automated
PDF Conversion and Merging of Multi-language Word Files.
- Developer: Bernard
Fazzini
- BCL Product Used: easyPDF
SDK
- Development Environment: C#.NET
PDF creation using easyPDF SDK
Overview of Company and Application
Northrop Grumman Corporation is a global defense company in
systems integration, defense electronics, information technology,
advanced aircraft, shipbuilding, and space technology. The company
has more than 125,000 employees and operates in 25 countries.
Northrop has multi-language Word files that need to be converted
to PDF and merged while retaining the exact look of the Word
originals. They must be accessed from multiple sites under high-security
IT operating conditions
Challenge (Business and Technology)
Northrop Grumman has document files in foreign languages and
their English translations in WORD files. Northrop wanted merged
PDF files to be created that would show each foreign language
page and its English translation page next to each other in the
merged PDF file. Theses PDF files also needed to:
- Have all necessary fonts (foreign and
English) embedded in the PDF file
- Look exactly like the originals
- Be accessible to a few hundred users
from multiple locations
- Run on servers without human intervention
- For security purposes, run without
people being logged into the applications. The PDF application
needed to call the application as a service rather than requiring
people to be constantly logged into the applications, something
that the security requirements did not permit.
- Comply with other very high security
requirements
PDF Tool Selection
Bernard Fazzini:
“We evaluated Adobe, ActivePDF,
JawsPDF and other PDF tools. We searched for two months, Googled
every site, evaluated all the PDF conversion tools out there.
Only BCL’s easyPDF SDK could meet all our requirements.
We now have it deployed in 11 sites.”
Northrop Grumman chose BCL Technologies easyPDF SDK
for its:
“BCL’s easyPDF was the only
tool that could run by itself without human intervention and
without requiring people to be logged into the applications.”
“easyPDF produced PDF exactly
like the original files with embedded fonts.”
“easyPDF merged documents
keeping the desired pagination intact.”
- Ease of Use, Coding and Development
“easyPDF is the easiest product
to code against that we found.”
“easyPDF is very easy to
program. We definitely like it.”
Tax Works
- Customer: TaxWorks
- Customer Application: ARKWORKS
Document Storage & Management System (http://www.ark-works.com/)
- Developer: Shaun Hess,
Software Architect
- BCL Product Used: easyPDF
SDK
- Development Environment: Visual
Basic.NET (VB.NET) PDF creation using easyPDF SDK
Overview of Company and Application
TaxWorks has been a professional tax software industry leader
for over 30 years, rated #1 since 1972 by leading publications,
associations and customers. Taxworks is now marketing a new document
management and archival system, ArkWorks. Its 6000 Beta versions
have been sent out as of 1Q 2006, using BCL Technologies easyPDF
SDK as its PDF creation and manipulation engine.
Challenge (Business and Technology)
ArkWorks selected PDF as the common document format for storing
and sharing documents across various applications. ArkWorks needed
the ability to:
- Convert printable document type to PDF
format
- Catalog MS Office documents in PDF or
native format
- Scan and catalog paper documents
- Add text notes and/or annotations to
PDF documents
- Email any documents
PDF Tool Selection
Shaun Hess:
“We evaluated many PDF tools
and drivers, including Blackice, Cutepdf, Activepdf, etc.
We even wrote our own. Except for BCL’s easyPDF SDK,
all had limitations we couldn’t live with. Some only
converted from MS Office and not very well. Others could
not do annotation or text stamping on PDF documents. None
were as easy to use and as easy to integrate.”
“We selected easyPDF SDK as our
solution for many reasons.”
TaxWorks chose BCL Technologies easyPDF SDK for its:
“If you can print it, you can convert
it with easyPDF SDK. Prints from any application into PDF.”
“We can do Text Stamping
and Annotation of PDF documents that we couldn’t with
other SDKs.”
“PDF conversion is great!”
- Ease of Use, Coding and Development
“It took very little amount of
coding, 10-15 lines of code, to integrate easyPDF SDK into
our application.”
“We haven’t had to
change BCL code once!”
Australian Railroad Track Corporation
(ARTC)
- Customer: Australian
Railroad Track Corporation (ARTC)
- Customer Application: Automated
PDF creation from .doc and .xls via form-based file upload
- Developer: Chris Jones
- BCL Product Used: easyPDF
SDK
- Development Environment: Active
Server Pages deployed on IIS 6 on Microsoft 2003 server
Overview of Company and Application
Australian Rail Track Corporation Ltd (ARTC) is a company under
the Corporations Act whose shares are owned by the Commonwealth
and overseen by the Australian Minister for Transport and Regional
Services and Minister for Finance and Administration on behalf
of the Commonwealth. ARTC is responsible for negotiating new
access to the interstate national track between Brisbane and
Perth, and improving performance and efficiency of interstate
rail infrastructure.
Challenge (Business and Technology)
ARTC needs to automate the Creation of PDF documents for Excel
and Word documents that are uploaded to it's Intranet via form
based file upload.
ARTC chose BCL Technologies easyPDF SDK for its:
“BCL easyPDF SDK integrates well
with .NET and classic ASP. The document conversion process
is very quick compared to others that I had tried (ActivePDF
and VeryPDF).”
- Ease of Use, Coding and Development
“BCL easyPDF SDK installation was
simple and well documented. I found the SDK easy to follow
and the coding that was required was minimal.”
“The software licensing model
is simple and affordable.”
SONY
Developed by BCL Technologies for SONY Electronics Inc., a leading
manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information
technology products for the consumer and professional markets.
The Company
SONY Electronics Inc. in North America represents the largest
single geographical operation of the SONY Corporation with nearly
$11 billion in sales. SONY Electronics employs approximately
20,000 people in North America. Operations include manufacturing
and engineering, design, sales, marketing, distribution, systems
integration and customer service of electronics and recording
media products for the consumer, IT, broadcast, commercial and
institutional market segments.
The Challenge
Between 1994 and 1998, SONY migrated all of their repair manuals,
schematics, diagrams, and documentation to PDF in order to reduce
printing and distribution costs. Although this initiative effectively
saved the company time and money, they soon found that the electronic
format had several disadvantages. PDF
was not suitable for displaying complex schematics because they
were difficult to view on a monitor. Users were unable to trace
the countless connecting lines between components, or to determine
a part’s description. Navigating the content in
the PDF files was a great challenge and it took an enormous amount
of time. Furthermore, the average document size ranged from 150
to 175 pages, so it was counterproductive to require users to
print the schematics and physically highlight the connections.
By 2004, it was evident that SONY needed a method to help make
their documentation readable and easier to view.
BCL’s Solution
BCL created a PDF
Schematic Tracing tool that automatically highlights the
connections between components, and associates them with their
part descriptions directly in the PDF manual. This Adobe Acrobat
Plug-In allows SONY to pre-process their manuals so that engineers,
repair personnel and support technicians can quickly trace
the connections in complex schematics. By simply clicking on
a connecting line in Acrobat, the entire path is highlighted
in red or blue, making them easier to trace. Hyperlinks are
embedded in each component, and clicking them will jump to
the description and part number described later in the documentation.
By implementing the PDF Schematic Trace tool, SONY was able
to continue using their paperless distribution methods to deliver
detailed, easy-to-read manuals through their Electronic Service
Information (ESI) subscription channel.
ROGERS
Product: BCL Rogers Jade
Developed by BCL Technologies for Rogers Medical Intelligence
Solutions, a leading provider of timely and trusted information
and insights on the latest medical and clinical research
The Company
Rogers Medical Intelligence Solutions (Rogers MIS) provides
timely and trusted information and insights on the latest medical
and clinical research. Rogers MIS has built an unparalleled database
of clinical information covering a broad range of medical specialties
and therapeutic areas. Medical experts evaluate the results of
new studies as they are presented around the world. Pharmaceutical
and BioTech companies rely on Rogers MIS to keep them apprised
of the latest findings on the treatment of human disease and
developments affecting their businesses. Rogers MIS has published
more than 10 million newsletters and reports to physicians, nurses
and other healthcare professionals around the world, each one
helping to build awareness of the newest treatment options and
trends being presented by their colleagues at medical meetings.
For research, education and market information, Rogers Medical
Intelligence Solutions is the source for clinical information.
The Challenge
On a daily basis, Rogers MIS aggregates the content of clinical
findings presented at medical society
proceedings from around the world for analysis by its database
search engine technology. The information
arrives in various media formats. Many sources employ layouts
where an individual piece of content may wrap across columns
or pages. Rogers MIS needed a method to demarcate the beginning
of each piece of content for presentation to its ingestion and
content storage systems. The challenge was to batch export
each piece of content as a single page graphic file for analysis
by OCR workflow connected to relational database and content
storage systems.
BCL's Solution
BCL created BCL Rogers Jade, a graphic file extractor based
on its standard Jade product. This Adobe Acrobat Plug-In allows
Rogers MIS personnel to to easily draw the boundaries of thousands
of medical meeting articles within a single PDF file, even if
they extend across multiple columns or pages. After all the articles
have been delineated, with a click of a mouse button, BCL Rogers
Jade exports high resolution TIFF files into the work flow system.
In the first six months since implementing its new technologies
beginning in January, Rogers MIS captured and analyzed word-for-word
150,000 medical articles, aided substantially by the use of BCL
Rogers Jade.
Adobe
Product: Adobe Acrobat® Table/Formatted Text
Developed by BCL Technologies for Adobe Systems Incorporated,
a premier provider of award-winning software solutions for Network
Publishing, including Web, print, video, wireless and broadband
applications.
The Company
Adobe Systems helped launch the desktop publishing revolution
in 1982, and remains at the heart of the next publishing revolution,
Network Publishing. Network Publishing is about making reliable,
visually rich information available to anyone, anywhere on any
device. Adobe continues to set standards in Web, print and video
publishing by driving the delivery of compelling content regardless
of platform or device. Today, Adobe continues to build award-winning
software solutions for Network Publishing, including Web, print,
video, wireless and broadband applications.
The Challenge
Adobe Portable Document Format, or PDF, is a universal file
format that preserves fonts, formatting, graphics, and colors
of any source document, regardless of the application and platform
used to create it. It is a final format, in the sense that it
is designed for viewing and printing, rather than editing.
Adobe found that while people loved the consistent, rich, and
portable document view that PDF provided, the
inabilities to extract objects such as text, tables, and graphics
were serious concerns for end-users from a wide range
of industries, such as pharmaceutical and financial industries,
that relied heavily on PDF documents.
BCL's Solution
With its extensive expertise in the field of PDF, BCL realized
that the challenge Adobe Systems faced lied in the fundamental
document structure of PDF, which contained little or no content
structural information. This meant that objects such as graphics,
tables and paragraphs, while defined in other document-authoring
packages, were simply a collection of text items in PDF.
With that understanding, BCL developed a patented technology
that detected table and paragraph structures in PDF. The development
led to an award-winning Acrobat plug-in that allowed users to
extract information from PDF with the document structure completely
intact. This technology has been incorporated by Adobe Systems,
and is now an invaluable feature of Adobe Acrobat 4.0 and 5.0.
IBM
Product: IBM PDF to ASCII File Converter
Developed by BCL Technologies for IBM, a leading company
in hardware and software technology.
The Company
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) uses advanced
information technologies to provide solutions for their customers.
The Company offers a variety of solutions, including systems,
products, services, software and financing. IBM's three hardware
product segments are comprised of Technology, Personal Systems
and Enterprise Systems. Other major operations consist of a Global
Services segment, a Software segment, a Global Financing segment
and an Enterprise Investments segment.
The Challenge
IBM regularly receives circuit board
drawings in PDF format. Although accurate and precise in displaying
the document, these PDF files are not compatible with IBM's
existing document management systems. In order to archive
and index the PDF document in the system, they need a solution
that systematically and automatically extracts image and textual
information from these documents and imports them into a database.
BCL's Solution
Since IBM required an automated process, BCL first developed
an "intelligent" solution that analyzed each PDF document
automatically. The software would identify and break down the
document content into 3 categories: text, tables and graphics.
A converter was developed to output the processed PDF content
into ASCII. With careful planning and precise algorithms, the
output was produced with over 98% accuracy, recorded by extensive
testing from both IBM and BCL. With BCL's PDF to ASCII Converter,
IBM was able to catalog thousands of circuit board drawings in
their document management system on a daily basis.
Abbott Laboratories
Product: Abbott Search
Developed by BCL Technologies for Abbott Laboratories,
a leading provider of pharmaceutical products and services.
The Company
For more than a century, Abbott Laboratories has been working
to advance health care for people around the world. Founded in
1888, Abbott Laboratories has evolved into a diversified health
care company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets
innovative products and services that span the continuum of care
- from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and cure. Headquartered
in north suburban Chicago, Abbott helps people around the world
in more than 130 countries. Building leadership and combining
strengths in the various areas of health care has enabled Abbott
to provide total, integrated solutions across the health care
spectrum for some of the world's most prevalent medical conditions,
including AIDS, cancer and diabetes.
The Challenge
Abbott Laboratories stores its medical and research information
in a PDF database. Many of these documents contain vital facts
and figures that are frequently required for research purposes. One
of the biggest challenges they face is allowing end-users to
conduct searches for key words or terms over the company's intranet.
BCL's Solution
BCL developed a solution that greatly enhanced the search features
within Abbott Laboratories' existing PDF database. Based on Adobe
Acrobat® and Acrobat® Reader™, BCL designed "Abbott
Search," a plug-in that works within Acrobat's browser.
Through Abbott Search, an end-user would be able to search for
a particular term or word within a PDF document. The results
were 100% accurate and instant. Additional navigation features
were added to further facilitate the searching process.
RR Donnelley
Product: Donnelley Jade
Developed by BCL Technologies for Donnelley Financial
Group, a leading financial printer of SEC compliant documents
in EDGAR II HTML and EDGAR ASCII format.
The Company
Headquartered in Chicago Illinois, with regional offices throughout
the world. R.R. Donnelley Financial (RRFD) provides premier information
management and printing services to the worldwide business community.
State-of-the-art technology combined with process expertise,
results in total solutions for the document management and distribution
needs of their customers. Using the latest in digital communication
to link their worldwide network of production facilities. This,
plus the capability to implement solutions in both paper and
electronic formats, helps them communicate effectively and efficiently
with their customers.
The Challenge
RRDF was faced with the challenge of
reducing turnaround time for conversion of native Desktop (DTP)
documents to the appropriate EDGAR II HTML and EDGAR ASCII
formats for filing with the SEC. The challenge was to
utilize Adobe® Acrobat®'s PDF capabilities while also
allowing for extraction and conversion of content into editable
HTML 3.2 and ASCII file formats, with or without graphics.
BCL's Solution
In November 1999, RRDF's Integration Engineering Team awarded
a contract to Santa Clara-based BCL Technologies (BCL) for the
development of a software solution. Together, RRDF and BCL developed
Donnelley Jade.
Donnelley Jade is designed to maximize efficiency in the data
conversion process. It converts PDF files into SEC-compliant
EDGAR II HTML and RTF for RRDF's EDGAR ASCII filing purposes.
In addition, it is capable of converting PDF documents into standard
Web HTML and RTF files, giving it the potential to serve as a
powerful data conversion tool for other R.R. Donnelley work groups.
Donnelley Jade converts PDF files (or any native or postscript
file format that can be converted into PDF) into SEC-compliant
EDGAR II HTML 3.2. Using a unique "zoning" technology
patented by BCL, it takes graphically complex SEC-related financial
documents and automatically separates their structures into zones.
(Each zone consists of a single element -- a graphic, piece of
text, list or table.) The software can then either automatically
sequence the zones into a natural reading order or allow users
to fine tune or re-sequence (or both) them using a zone editor
before outputting them to searchable, downloadable, SEC-compliant
HTML 3.2.
"Donnelley Jade already has proven itself," says Joe
Raza, Project Manager for Donnelley Jade. "We have reduced
our turnaround times for SEC filing of non-proprietary (CFS and
ProFile) documents by 75 percent." RRDF accomplishes this
by writing native DTP documents into PDF format, then using Donnelley
Jade to do the final conversion. In addition to converting PDF
files to EDGAR II HTML 3.2, it can be used to extract text, tables
and graphics from PDF files into RTF in order to recreate the
documents in DTP or proprietary applications. It can also be
used as an intermediate process file conversion tool for converting
client-supplied DTP (or PDF) files to Web HTML via RTF.
Because users can employ the zone editor to either fine tune
or re-sequence (or both) the zones before a document is converted,
Donnelley Jade allows for a great degree of control over the
output without having to resort to an HTML editor to refine the
document's final appearance. "This software prevents complex
PDF documents from becoming publishing 'dead ends,'" says
Raza. "Donnelley Jade lets users bring documents back to
the desktop for multipurpose use."
Infosis
Product: Infosis Jade
Developed by BCL Technologies for The Infosis Corporation, a
leader in merging the wealth of the web with the power of print.
The Company
Based both in Boston and the United Kingdom, The Infosis Corp.
provides a range of electronic parallel publishing services to
the publishing industry. The company's primary focus is in services
that leverage the content and brand identity of existing print
products, providing its clients a fast, cost-effective way to
establish web presence and generate new revenue. While Infosis'
products maintain the look-and-feel of the original publication,
they also add web-based interactivity, adding value and enhancing
the user-experience. Infosis' mission is to provide a cost-effective
way for publishers, retailers and catalog companies to convert
and deliver content electronically and make it profitable.
The Challenge
A core part of the Infosis solution is the extraction and re-purposing
of content from digital pre-press files, often in PDF format.
The high-volume, fast-turnaround production environment at Infosis
requires an efficient PDF data-mining tool. Moreover,
because of the rich graphical layouts of many print products,
Infosis required a cost-effective data extraction tool that would
allow them to graphically define regions on the surface of a
page, extracting the content just from that region.
BCL's Solution
To help Infosis accomplish this, BCL designed a customized version
of its own Jade software. Designed to extract text, tabular data,
and graphics from PDF files for editing and manipulation in other
applications such as Microsoft® Word®, Excel®, and
Adobe® Photoshop®, Jade uses a unique zoning feature
to target data that would otherwise be difficult to obtain, while
also leaving behind superfluous data that would be unnecessarily
extracted by a general document conversion program. The application
customized for Infosis allows the corporation to use Jade's zoning
capabilities to extract each piece of content (including graphics)
as an individual graphic and place it into the appropriate directory
for datamining purposes. As with Thomson Financial, BCL has continuously
worked with key Infosis personnel to improve access to the advertising
databases it provides for its clients.
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